inVentures Technologies
Overview | Features | Specifications
inVentures has developed a range of products for the groundwater remediation market. All groundwater products are based on the worldwide patented Gas inFusion technology which allows for supersaturated levels of dissolved gas into liquids. inVentures concentrates mainly on the in situ bioremediation and natural attenuation of hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. However, since any miscible gas can be dissolved into water many other groundwater contaminants can be treated; these include nitrates, perchlorates and 1,4 Dioxane.
All inVentures groundwater remediation products are:
• Simple to use
• Cost effective
• Environmentally friendly
• Infuse high levels of oxygen or other gases into groundwater without bubbles and with a very low decay rate at atmospheric pressure
inVentures is a global company with groundwater remediation equipment on over 1,000 sites in North America, Europe, Japan, the Middle East and Australasia countries and has a network of sales representatives in each of these regions to provide exceptional customer service.
iSOC® – in situ Submerged Oxygen Curtain technology
When suspended in 2-inch wells, either new wells or existing monitoring wells, iSOC® infuses high levels of oxygen or other gases into groundwater without bubbles, and with a very low decay rate at atmospheric pressure. Due to its low capital and operating costs, and its extreme efficiency, many US state governments are specifying iSOC® for reimbursed clean up sites. The technology has been successfully deployed in 47 US states, Canada, Europe, Japan and many Middle Eastern and Australasian countries. The iSOC® is also being used by most major consultants, oil companies, manufacturing corporations and the military.
All inVentures information reprinted with permission from inVentures Technologies Inc.
Innovea Technologies represents inVentures in their product offering. Contact us to learn more about the products and how they can serve your remediation needs.
How Does The Technology Work?
• Will infuse any gas into a liquid.
• Infusion occurs when pressure of the gas is less than the pressure of the liquid.
• Transfers gases into the ground water, without creating bubbles.
• Supersaturates the ground water with low decay gases.
• Oxygen concentration can range from 40 to 200 ppm depending on iSOC® depth.
Versatile:
• Use to treat source, polish off sites or to stop off-site migration.
• Will infuse any gas (oxygen, propane, methane, hydrogen and ethane).
• Can be used for cometabolic treatment (with alkane gases).
Portable:
• No moving parts and no electricity.
• Easily moved to a new injection point or new site.
• Installs in existing two inch monitoring wells (or larger).
Affordable:
• Annual cost of oxygen for 3-iSOC®s is less than $250.00 a year.
• Lowest annual O & M of any competitive technology.
• True pay-for-performance technology for cleaning up sites.
• Installs in a few hours and is extremely easy to use.
• The iSOC® unit will last for several years.
Effective:
• Can deliver 40-200 ppm of dissolved oxygen into the ground water.
• Is 4-10 times more effective than any competitive technology.
• Oxygen transfer efficiency is nearly a 100%.
• iSOC® is now operating on hundreds of sites North America, Europe and Asia.
• It is the best technology for enhancing natural attenuation.
• It has the lowest O & M of any bioremediation technology.
How does iSOC® work?
Oxygen is infused into the water in such a way that large quantities of dissolved oxygen (DO)
are created (without sparging), and with a very low decay rate at atmospheric pressure. Once
equilibrium is achieved, this process “idles” (no additional oxygen added), until there is a
demand for oxygen—either through biomass utilization, or through DO migration and
groundwater movement through the well. iSOC® then continues to maintain equilibrium,
generating more dissolved oxygen as required.
The use of dissolved oxygen in hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater to enhance natural
attenuation of MTBE and BTEX has been growing as a remediation technology since the mid-
1990s. Most conventional technologies, however, waste most of their oxygen because the
bubbles rise to the top of the groundwater table and escape before they have a chance to
dissolve or to be utilized by naturally occurring hydrocarbon degraders. The result is an
inadequate biodegradation response in aquifers with high ferrous iron, moderate BOD, and/or
high concentrations of hydrocarbon constituents.
What is Gas inFusion Technology?
The patented Gas inFusion technology is a unique method of infusing gas into liquids. The
underlying scientific principle for the iSOC® is the equilibrium that exists between the dissolved
concentration of a gas in a liquid and the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. Henry’s
Law states: the weight of any gas that will dissolve in a given volume of liquid, at constant
temperature, is directly proportional to the pressure that the gas exerts above the liquid.
ISOC® Technology Overview
1. iSOC® is a gas delivery technology that will infuse any gas into a liquid.
2. iSOC® stands for “in situ submerged oxygen curtain”.
3. The technology supersaturates the ground water with low decay dissolved oxygen
(DO) to enhance natural attenuation.
4. DO concentrations range from 40 to 200 ppm depending on aquifer conditions and
placement depth of iSOC® unit.
5. The “plug & play” technology has no moving parts and does not require electricity.
6. The technology is very inexpensive to operate and can be easily moved to a new
injection point or new site.
7. The iSOC® contains over 700 hydrophobic microporous hollow fibers that allow for
the mass transfer of oxygen and / or alkane gases.
8. The oxygen / alkane gas transfer efficiency is nearly a 100%.
9. The iSOC® unit measures 1.62 inches by 15 inches (41 mm by 381 mm) and
infuses 4 to 10 times more DO than any competitive technology.
10. The iSOC® unit will work in a 2 inch (51 mm) monitoring well or larger.
11. The iSOC® is connected to an iSOC® distribution header (directly attached to the
gas regulator) with 0.250 inch (or 6 mm) outside diameter polyurethane tubing
(0.170” or 4 mm ID).
12. The internal automatic iSOC® flow controller at 16 cc/min which means that one
iSOC® unit will use approximately 1 cubic feet of oxygen per day (this gives a
factor of safety for slight variance in the setting and gas bottle that may not be
100% full).
13. A typical 40 cubic foot cylinder (7 × 18 inches) will last approximately 40 days. See
the gas use guide in O&M section.
14. The iSOC® unit has a radius of influence of 10-15 feet (3 – 5 m) and is typically
installed up gradient of the source or monitoring well.
15. The technology is primarily dependent on ground water velocity and the oxygen
demands of the aquifer. Molecular dispersion will also play a key role in tight soils.
16. The technology can be used as a primary remediation strategy, for polishing or for
creating a barrier to control off-site migration.
Distinguishing Features:
• Will infuse any gas into a liquid.
• No moving parts and does not require electricity.
• Very low O & M.
• Easily moved to a new injection point or new site.
• Works in a 2-inch (51mm) monitoring well or larger.
• Powered by the pressure of the gas in the cylinder.
• Installation compound above ground or below ground.
Construction:
• The iSOC® unit measures 1.62 inches by 12.5 inches. (41 mm X 318 mm)
• Made of stainless steel.
Connecting Tube:
• 1/4” (6mm) inch polyurethane tube connects iSOC® and iSOC® Distribution Header.
Site Compatibility:
• Primary remediation strategy to attack the source.
• Polish off low level contaminated sites.
• Curtain to stop off-site plume migration.
• Can be used on petroleum or chlorinated solvents.
• Not bothered by high levels of iron, BOD5 or COD.
Radius of Influence:
• Typically 10-15 feet (3-4.5m) – higher depending upon soil and groundwater flow
• Primarily depends on ground water velocity and the oxygen demands of the aquifer.
• Installs at any depth (deeper the water column the higher the DO level).
• Infuses 4 to 10 times more dissolved gas than any competitive technology.
What Determines DO levels?
• Atmospheric Pressure Determines DO Levels.
• iSOC® will deliver about 41 PPM of dissolved oxygen per atmosphere of head pressure.
• Example: A 33-foot (10 m) column of water would equal about 2 atmospheres. (1 atm = 14.7
psi = I Bar; plus the water head pressure (2.306 ÷ 33) = 14.31 total pressure (1 bar), or 29 psi,
or about 2 atmospheres 0r 2 bar. 2 atm x 41 PPM = 82 PPM DO in 33 foot (10 m) column).
Co-inFusion (Cometabolic treatment by direct infusion):
• For use in the bioremediation of chlorinated solvents.
• Infuse oxygen and alkane gases (eg. methane, propane, ethene) in same well.
• Minimize competition for enzymes between the substrate and target contaminant.
• No production of recalcitrant daughter products using cometabolic bioremediation.
• Improve bacterial growth and rapid biodegradation of target pollutants.
Site Compatibility:
• Use as primary remediation strategy to attack the source.
• Use to polish off low-level contaminated sites.
• Use as curtain to stop off-site plume migration.
• Easily moved to new injection point or new site.
• Can be used on petroleum or chlorinated solvents.
• Not bothered by high levels of iron, BOD5 or COD.
Radius of Influence:
• Typically 10-15 feet (3-5 m): Higher in tight soils due to molecular dispersion.
• Primarily depends on ground water velocity and the oxygen demands of the aquifer.
• Can be installed at any depth the deeper the water column the higher the gas infused.
• Infuses 4 to 10 times more dissolved gas than any competitive technology.
Installation:
• Installs in a few hours.
• Will work in a 2-inch (51mm) monitoring well or larger.
• The unit measures 1.62 inches by 12.5 inches (41 mm by 318 mm).
• 0.250 (or 6 mm) inch OD and 0.170 (or 4 mm) ID polyurethane tubing connects all
parts.
• Setup requires: iSOC® unit, iSOC® Distribution Header, two-stage low flow regulator &
gas cylinder.
Turning The System On:
• Open gas valve on the tank to get rid of any debris.
• Connect regulator and turn counterclockwise to set to zero flow.
• Open gas valve on the tank and make sure there is no gas flow (none when set at zero).
• Connect iSOC® distribution header, iSOC® and filter with polyurethane tubing.
• Set regulator gas pressure to 50 psi (3.42 Bar, 342 Kpa).
• Make sure all lines are free of debris.
• Test each iSOC® by submerging in water and check for bubble every couple of seconds.
• Leak test all fittings and refer to installation guide that comes with the equipment.
Operation & Maintenance:
• Very low cost O&M technology.
• Has no moving parts and does not require electricity.
• Oxygen transfer efficiency is nearly a 100%.
• Annual 5 iSOC® set up operating cost is between $400 and $800.
• One iSOC® unit will use 1 cubic feet (28 l) of oxygen per day.
• A typical 40 cubic foot cylinder (7 × 18 inches) will last approximately 40 days per iSOC®.
• Site visits: Change out tanks and do regular sampling.
Case Studies:
• Website has various case studies relating to benzene, VC, MTBE and other
contaminant degradation.
• Cases show good results in short time frames.
• Cases show heterotrophic bacteria plate count increases
• Cases show elevated levels of ferrous iron, BOD5, & COD did not inhibit aerobic
degradation.
Dissolved Gas Concentrations
The addition of oxygen has proven effective in the enhancement of biodegradation of hydrocarbon related compounds including MTBE. The iSOC®/HiSOC® Gas inFusion technology is also effective in the infusion of any gas into groundwater. The controlled addition of gases such as hydrogen, methane and propane to groundwater has been successfully used to enhance the natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents such as TCE and PCE. The table below illustrates potential dissolved gas concentrations for five gases based on treatment well water column of different depths.
Atmospheric Pressure Determines DO Levels:
iSOC® will deliver about 41 PPM of dissolved oxygen (DO) per atmosphere of head pressure on the iSOC® unit. Based on standard atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psi (1 bar) at sea level to about 10 psi at 10,000 feet elevation, an iSOC® unit positioned at the bottom of a well with a water depth of 35 feet (~10 m)—roughly 2 atmospheres (2 bar) — can be expected to deliver in the order of 82 PPM DO. This is simply based on the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psi (1 bar)
plus the water head pressure of 15.6 psi (~1 bar) creating a total pressure of 29.9 psi or about 2 atmospheres or 2 Bar. A 33-foot (10 m) water column is equal to one atmosphere being 14.7 psi or 1 bar.
Oxygen and Microbial Biomass Content
The total viable microbial biomass can be determined by the amount of phospholipid
ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA) detected in a sample. Viable microbes have an intact
membrane that contains phospholipids. Cellular enzymes hydrolyze and release the
phosphate group from the fatty acids within minutes to hours of cell death; therefore
analysis of PLFA provides a measure of cells with intact membranes.
A careful study of subsurface sediment reveals viable biomass determined by PLFA was
equivalent (but with a much smaller standard deviation) to estimates by intercellular
ATP, cell wall muramic acid, and very carefully conducted acridine orange direct counts.
For example, the figure below displays biomass results from three samples from a
contaminated site. The control sample was located outside the area of
contamination. The other two samples were located inside the contamination zone
(plume), with one sample receiving oxygen. The client was interested determining if
additional oxygen was stimulating the bacterial population. As shown, biomass
content determined by PLFA was 4 times higher in the plume sample receiving
oxygen than in the unamended plum sample.
Source: www.microbe.com
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